URALIC LANGUAGES
Generic Language Group |
Language |
Number of Speakers * According to the All-Russian population census 2002 |
Level of endangerment (UNESCO) |
Present Location |
Samoyed |
Tundra Nenets Forest Nenets (Yurak) | 31,311* | endangered | Nenets, Yamal Nenets and Taimyr Autonomous Districts in north-western Russia and western Siberia (Russia) |
| Forest Nenets | seriously endangered | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (Western Siberia, Russia) | ||
| Enets (Yenisei Samoyed) | 119* | nearly extinct | Northern Siberia in the Taimyr District along the lower reaches of the Ob River (Russia) | |
| Nganasan (Tavgi) | 505* | seriously endangered | Taimyr Peninsula (Siberia, Russia) | |
| Selkup (Ostyak Samoyed) | 1,641* | seriously endangered | Western Siberia between the Ob and Yenisey Rivers (Russia) | |
| Kamass | extinct since 1989 | near Sayan mountains, on the rivers Kan and Man (Russia) | ||
| Ugrian | Khanty (Ostyak) | 13,568* | endangered | Khanty-Mansi and Yamal Nenets Autonomous District, Tomsk oblast' (Western Siberia, Russia) |
| Mansi (Vogul) | 2,746* | seriously endangered | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, Yekaterinburg oblast' (Western Siberia, Russia) | |
| Hungarian | 14,500,000 | not endangered | Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, the Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia | |
| Permian-Finnic | Komi (Zyryan) | 217,316* | endangered | Republic of Komi and neighbouring regions |
| Permian Komi | 94,328* | endangered | Komi-Permyak Autonomous District (Russia) | |
| Udmurt (Votyak) | 463,837* | endangered | Udmurt Republic and neighbouring regions (Russia) | |
| Volga-Finnic | Erzya (Mordvin), Moksha (Mordvin) |
614,260* | endangered | Mordovian Republic, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Tshuvash Republic, Nizhni Novgorod, Penza, Samara and Orenburg oblast's (Russia) |
| Meadow Mari (Cheremis) | 451,033* | endangered | Republic of Mari El, neighbouring areas, Republic of Bashkortostan, Jekaterinburg and Perm oblast' (Russia) | |
| Hill Mari (Cheremis) | 36,822* | endangered | Republic of Mari El | |
| Lapp | Ter Sami, Kildin Sami | 787* | seriously endangered | Eastern and Central region of Kola Peninsula (Russia) |
| Skolt Sami | 500 | seriously endangered | Sevettijärvi (Finland), very few Eastern region of Kola Peninsula (Russia) | |
| Inari Sami | 400 | seriously endangered | Inari (Finland) | |
| Northern Sami | 30,000 | endangered | Northern regions of Norway, Finland and Sweden | |
| Lule Sami | 2,000 | seriously endangered | Northern regions of Sweden and Norway | |
| Southern Sami | 500 | seriously endangered | Central regions of Sweden and Norway | |
| Baltic-Finnic | Livonian | very few | nearly extinct | Courland, Latvia |
| Estonian | 1,000,000 | not endangered | Estonia | |
| Votian | 60 | nearly extinct | Coastal area west of St. Petersburg (Russia) | |
| Ingrian | 362* | seriously endangered | St. Petersburg and environs (Russia) | |
| Vepsian | 5,753* | seriously endangered | Republic of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda oblast' (Russia) | |
| Karelian Proper | 52,880* | endangered | Repubic of Karelia, Leningrad and Tver oblast' (Russia) | |
| Livvi (Aunus Karelian~Olonetsian) | endangered | Repubic of Karelia, Leningrad and Tver oblast' (Russia) | ||
| Lude (may be a dialect of Karelian) | seriously endangered | Repubic of Karelia (Russia) | ||
| Finnish | 5,500,000 | not endangered | Finland, Norway, Sweden, St. Petersburg and environs, Republic of Karelia (Russia) |
Percentage of mother-tongue speakers among uralic peoples in Soviet Union 1959-1989. Chart ( 53 Kb)